Shafting for caissons and the like.



No. E828,861.

PATENTED AUG. 14, 1906.l vD. E. MORAN '& J. W. DUTY. SHAFTING FOB. GAISSONS AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. wo,

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

F/G. l.

FIG. 2.

` INVENTGRS.

WITNESSES:

D PATDNTD'D ADG. 14,' w06. D. D. MDDAD D J. W. DUTY. SHADDIDG DDD GADSSDNS AND THD LIKE.

QSHEBTS-SHEET 2.

IPD/EDITORS: 772mg/ l Z I I D 5. ,w/ W D.. X I D ...mm/V ,.)wf .n

810.7828861. l -Y PATENTBD A8814, 1988.

D. E. MORAN 8 J. W. DOTY. SHAPTING F08 GAISSONS AND THB LiKE.

APPLICATION FILED APRA. 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

of pneumatic or other caissons. and for variety of engineering structures'.l

pier ,foundations-for buil -Umrnn 4'sierrasy PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL MORAN, OF MEDHAM, NEWJERSEY, AND JOHN W DOTY,

@F.NEW Yoan-N. Y.

SHAFTING Fon cAlssoNs AND THE; LiKE.

Specification yof Letters Patent.

A Patented aug. 14, 1906.

To @ZZ whom, t may concern; n 1

Be it known that'we, DANIEL E. MORAN, a citizen of 'the United States, residing in- Mendham, in thecounty of Morris and State of New Jersey, and JOHN W. DpTY, a subject ofthe King of Great Britain, residing in the ,borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State o f. New York, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shafting for Caissons andthe Like, of which the following isa specification. i

This invention provides animproved tubing or shaftin which is air-ti ht and is made up of joints w 'ch are breaka le from the -inside, so that .it may be used for the haft-lining In our ap lication for patent, Serial-No.' 276 767,'iledp September 1, 1905, we have described certain 'improvements in pneumatic caissenf'suchas are ordinaril used'in making -proved'.'caisson there 4describe .is'substantially`thejpier itself, the whole being constructed 'without the reviously common coierdam and beingsun after being molded above rvthe ground, only ashaft in the. center being left opento ermit accessto and m thew'orking cham er.. The shafting of he t ,present invention is of articularadvantage '1n such caissons,`thoug t l ,.as'statedbefore, it is applicable 1n Wholeor in part to a reat variety of structures. .W hen used as a s aftlining for such caissons, it'serves first to provide a'form or mold about Which themaspnry (usually concrete) body of the ycaisson lor pier is formed and to reinfore such'concrete ody against accidental strains to which it is sometimes subjected. As the pier is being sunk the shafting serves to provide a passage to the working chamber@y It is prefery of steel, with tight joints, so that itresists the .strong inward pressure due to the Y tampin of the concrete about it' and so that above e iinishedconcrete it is abile to resisty the inside pressure-of air 'and toform arcontinueus connectionfrom the Working'chamber up to the bo'ttom of the air-lock. When the -pier is sunk tc the desired depth, the shafting may' be withdrawn, preferably by collapsing it, so as to lessen its diameter.v In the term collapsing we include not only mere reduction of the diameter of the shafting'as a whole, but its separation into parts a large l of less diameter or the removal of one or more arts and theI contraction of the -remainder. -he parts of the shafting may beremoved -section by section or a portion extendiugthe entire len th of the shaft mayibeiremoved with the 'Herent sections attached to each other.

Various other points of improvement are referred to .in detail hereinafter. .t AThe accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is ai transverse vertical section through the center lof a caisson. Fig. 2'- is a horizontal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of one of the sections of the shafting. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section thereof. Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing the side'o'positeto that shown in Fi 3. .Fig-stan are horizontal sections'of a ternative forms.- Figs. 8 and 9 are vertical' sec'- tions of alternative forms.` `\F-1.g.:10 1s a-horizontal section'of Fig. Figs. 11 an`d-`12 are respectively ahorizontal 'and a vertical sec- =tion'of an alternative form of shafting'. Fig.

13 isa vertical section of a st le of tubingor shafting which may be use in connection with the other'styles shown.

Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated, A is the body of the caisson or.pier, which is sup orted upon and forms, in effect, the roof o a working chamber B, having been molded in place upon a I false flooring supported from cross-bars which 'afterward' remain. embedded in the concrete, as more fully described in our aforesaid application. The air-lock is shown at D and may be of any usual construction provided, for eXamFple, with the downward tubular extension The shaftin which is indicated as a whole by the letter is preferably supported upon any suitable temporary support and the concrete of the body A molded about it, as i shown. The upper end is connected to the tubular extension E of the air-lock. The shafting F will be made in sections of various length-say live to twenty feet in length. When it is desired to build another section of the pier upon that already completed, (and usually sunk to approximately the level ofthe ground,) the air-lock is removed and an additional section of shafting inserted, the

shafting being extended beyond the concrete and serving as a mold or form for the nen*L as is used with various concrete structures,

jv irfThe' construction of the shaft-ing may vary the-concrete.' .shown in twentyfeet high and ready Vfectly'horizontal bed and there are consi er- ,nected vto each other by internal flanges, `swhic'l-i constructionl leaves the outer faces of lthe, shaft. Preferably, also, means are prosection of concrete. lIts 'function d ihlfers from that of an ordinary internal form such I since this use is secondary, the primar function being to maintain a passage, pre erabl perfectly airtight, between the air-loc and theworking chamber. The successive lengths of shafting addedduring the forming and sinking-of the concrete remain in lace until the entire structure yis complete and vsunk to the desired depth. y rAn important function is the reinforcing of When a caisson of the shape Fig; 2, which is a shape taken'from 'actual practice, is moldedin a section, say,

l to begin sinking, t vtheoutside mold being removed it is practically impossible to preserve it upon a erthroughout the body., At the shaft passes throu h is obeshaft,

able -strains point where the v,abrasion .by buckets and men.

within-wide limits.v The collapsin is effected from the inside, andwe preferab y provide a key portion which may be readily` withdrawn and thewithdrawal of which permits the collapsing of the'r'emaining portion,

The successiveseetions, are preferably eon- .the several parts smooth, so that the corresponding parts of `successive sections may be drawn up"aI`1d outof the concrete without separating-them from each other. We preferablyro'videalsocertain guides within ythe interna fianges which prevent the buckets from engaging the flanges in passingthrough vided for preventing the adhesion of the surrounding concrete to the shafting, which adhesion wouldbe quite strong un ler the pressure due tothe ,tamping ofthe concrete. By this means .the removal of the shafting 1s made extremely easy, and' there is no danger .of injury to the'conc'rete or to the shafting.

lReferring to the construction illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the shafting consists of two portions G, each extendingr approximately 'alf-way. aroundl the periphery of the opening. The opening is shown circular in crosssection, but may be of any'desired shape. These portions are preferably of sheet-steel and are rovided at their upper and lower edgeswit horizontal flanges ll, which may, f'or example, be formed by angle-irons riveted to thefsheet-metal lates. Atene edge of. eachv of the plates there is also a radial flanged', which may be a flange of an angleironl riveted u on the vertical edge of the. plate. These anges J are brought together,

pass.

`flanges() and P, W

preferably with a packing K between them,

and are boltedlsecurely to each other, as by bolts L. `The opposite vertical edges of the plates G are separated by a key designated as a whole bythe letter M and which is channelshaped, being formed of a flat plate N, with flanges-O, formed by means of angle-irons riveted along its vertical edges. The flanges O pro`ect in a, considerable distance. vUpon the a jacent edges of the plates G are flan es P, preferably also forming parts of an eirons fastened upon the corresponding e es of the plates, these edges of such plates eing preferably bent' inward in the manner shown to bring the edgesof the flanges O and P together. The channel M is made of substantial depth to afford room for the hands of the workmen in climbing the ladder, whose rungs are indicated at R. This construction provides for the with y,the space passes, the rungs ladder without interfering through 'which the bucket R bein'g substantially inline ywith the inner edges of' the horizontal flanges H, within which of course the bucket must The rungs serve the additional purpose of tying together. the vertical flanges P upon the edges of the plates G, so as to prevent them frorn exerting any strain upon the long and comparatively weak iianges (T of the channel.v For' this purpose each rung R is preferably a bolt threaded at both ends, so

` l as to receive at each end a pair of nuts clampingthe flanges P and 0 togetherrand ressing a strip of packing S betweenthem. hen the shafting is to be collapsed, the nu-t T may be withdrawn from the boltand the nut U screwed sufficiently far toward -the center of the bolt to permit the withdrawal of the end V through its flange O, after which it may be swung horizontally sufficiently to permit its removal. y The entire key M may then be withdrawn, after which' the removal of the bolts L permits the separation of the two plates G. Each of the three parts described is smaller in dialneter-tlmn the opening in the concrete' and may be readily drawn up through such opening. As stated before, the bolts W, connecting the horizontal flanges at the ends of the several parts, need not be withdrawn until the parts are lifted to the top. hach joint ia` IOO TIO

thehoriaontal' flan es andthe edges of the ich l,extend inwardlsimilarly. In order toA prevent adhesion of the concrete to the outside of themetal shafting, s ecial means are'pro'vided-sueh for'examp e, as a coating of soapor'other suitable lu'- 'bi-icarit, or, pre rably, as shown, a layer of paper Y, which extends'continuously around the shafting. The outside angle formed by the key M is preferably filled in with blocks Z of wood or other suitable material to prevent the breakage of the paper at this oint.

Instead of using plates G an a key M,

which are yseparable from each other, the

'e shafting may be made up of a late G', adapted to spring inward when the olt M is withdrawn 'in t 'e manner indicated diagrammaticallysin Fig. 6, or, as indicated 1n Fig. 7 plates G2 maybe used, which are connected to each other by a pivotal jointe, so that they may be. swung inward when the key M is withdrawn'.

" ,Instead of the of horizontal joint shown the successive sections may be united 'by a telesco ic joint b, Fig. 8, the sections beingvsuitab y sha ed for this purpose.

Although metalpshaftng is preferable for reasons outlined above, yetxit .is Within the invention ,to emplo '.wooden staves c, as shown in Fig. `9, t e horizontal joints bein made with angle-,irons H. Any ,suit- -ab e colla singarrangement may be em ployed with the constructions shown in Fi s: 8 and 9. The vertical jointsfbetween t e staves c may be made air-tight by means of a acking lK of any suitable material arranged between them.

It will vbe useful in many casesvto make aA shaft somewhat-larger than the diameter of Fig. -11. In this case the plates Gra operate su stantially in .the same 4manner as 1n the previous construction. They are, however,

Y elongated and tiedtogetherby a series'of bars e, adapted to resist either inward or outward pressure, the ends being fastened be-` tween the inwardlyrojecting flan es of'an,

l', fastened at t -e points indicated, serve to prevent the bucket from" being interfered with.' Thisl construction gle-ironf. Guides leaves a considerable space at the side of the shaft through which men Imay pass up and down without fear of the bucket 'or through which they may pass -when the bucket is stuck. The colla singis effected by withdrawing the key and the pins g and removing the bars e. v lt is in the beginn' the concrete is Subj ectldito the greatest strain, andthe greatest strain comes always upon thelowest portion of the concrete. Where" very narrow piers areto be erected, it is ad-' vantageous to limit the diameter of the shaft, so as to leave as much concrete at the sides4 as possible. For the lowest Section of the shaft we may use a tube h, Fig. 13, either continuous from top to bottom or made of several lengths connected by a flush-joint 1',

the section h being connected by the outside flange or angle-iron 7c with the inside flange or angle-iron H of the lowest regular section. When the flange H is -unbolted from the flange 1c after the work has been completed of the erection thatv the bucket and oblongV in shape, as shown in v lap bereadily withdrawn.'

and the upper sections fare-withdrawn, the flange k then becomes accessible and removable, so as to permit the collapsing of the lowest section h. Any suitable construction of the lowest section it which will permit its collapsing .may be adopted. l We propose 'also to strengthen the concrete at its narrowest ortion's immediately alongside of the shaft by embedding therein a series of longitudinal rods Zat suitable intervals and extending for a long distance into the adjacent massesl of concrete, so as to provide a strongv conn-e9- tion with the concrete. This arrangement adds to the concrete at the weak point the tensile strength which is necessary to enable it to resist incidental severe strains.

Though we have described with great particularit of detail certain'specific embodiments o the invention, yet it is not to be understood therefrom that the' invention is. limitedv to the particular l embodiments disclosed. Various modifications thereof in detail and in the arrangement and combination of the parts may be made by those skilled in the art .without departure from the invention.

What we claim isv '1, A`caisson comprising a working chamber, a body of masonry, and shafting passing through said body andv servingsas-a'passage to'an from ,the working chamber, and co1`` sible to lessen its diameter so that it may 2. A caisson comprising a working chamber, a body of concrete, and shaftingpassing through said body and serving as a passage .to andfrom the working chamber and as an inside form, a ainst which thel .Concrete is molded, said s afting. being removable, and means .for preventing adhesion of the concrete to the shaftingl 3. A. caisson comprisinga working chamber, 'a body of.masonry/andshafting passing throu h said body'and servingas a assafre to ang from the working chamber, said shaft- IOO in'g being formed in sections having inside Y flanges removable, 'and guides withinf'said flanges tb revent the engagement of a bucketthere y.

4. A caisson comprising a working chain ber, a body of masonry, and shaftingpassing through said body and 'serving asa assao'e to an from the workingchamber, sai sha t-` inl being substantially air-tight and adapted toe connectedto anair-lock at its upper end and being adapted `tol .resist the external pressure of the masonry and the internal pressure of air above the masonry, said shaft-ing being collapsible to lessen its diameter so, that 1t may be readily withdrawn when the pier is sunk to the required depth.

5. A. calsson comprising a working Vcham-y Y ber, a body of masonry, and shafting passing through' said body and servingasfa passage to an from the working chamber, said shafj 'Y ing comprising. plates G adapted to be connected to each other at one edge, and akey M adapted to be interposed between the other edges of said plates or to be Withdrawn in order to collapse the same.

6. A caisson comprising a--working cham-v ber, a body of masonry, and shafting passing through said body and serving as a passage to and from the working chamber, said shaft ing comprising plates G adapted to be connected to each other at one edge, and a key M adapted to be interposed between the o`ther edges'o said plates or-to be withdrawn of said plates or to be withdrawn in order to collapse the same, the u per and lower ends of said plates and said rey being-'inwardly ilanged for permitting ready attachment and detachment of successive sections.

8. A caisson comprising a working charn-V ber, a body of masonr and shafting passing through said body an serving as a passage to and from the working chamber, said shafting comprising plates G adapted to be connected` to each other at one edge, and a key M adapted to be interposed between the other edges of saidv plates or to be withdrawn in order to Acollapse the same, the u per and lower ends to each other at one edge, nd aof said lates and said ey bein inwardly flanged l'or permitting ready attac ment'and detachment of successive sections, and nidos X extending vertically through thesha t and lying within the internal flanges.

` 9. A caisson comprising a working chamber, a ,body of masonry, and shafting passing through said body and serving as a passage to and from the working chamber, said shaftin f comprising plates G adapted to 'be conneeteil M adapted to be interposed `between thelother edges of said plates or to be withdrawn in order to collapse the same, said plates G having vertical flanges J through lwhich they are bolted to each other, vand aving vertical flanges P,

and said key having vertical flanges lO whichare bolted to the flanges P of thelates. 10. A caisson comprising a wor ing chamber, a'body of masonr and shafting passing @through said body an serving as a passa fe to and from the working chamber, said sha ting compr1s1n plates G adapted to he connected to each ot er at one edge, and a key M adapted to be interposed between the other edges.v

of said plates or to be withdrawn in order to collapse the same, said plates G having vertical` flanges J through which they are bolted to essere each other, and'having vertical'llanges O,

ladder-rungs R provided with suitable screw-.

threads, and nuts on said run s clamping the flanges O and P together, an also tying the opposite llanges P to each other directly.

11. A caisson comprising a Working chamber, a body of masonr and shafting passing through saidbody an serving as a'passa e to and from the working chamber said sha ting comprising plates G adapted vto be connected to eachother at one edge, and a key M adapted to be'interposed between the other edges of said plates or to be withdrawn in order to at one side of said rods, and a ladder at the other side..

1 4.. The combination with a'body of Inasonry and a section of'shafting passing there` through and serving as an inside form against which the masonry is built, said section having inside flanges and being collapsible to permit its withdrawal, and a section h of less diameter and having'an outer flange k at one end connected with an inside flange ,of the inst-mentioned section, said section it being without other flanges on its outer surface, whereby when the iirstunentioned section is withdrawn the section h may also be lapsed and withdrawn.

15. The combination with the masonry 'collapse the same,and a layer of paper Y surrounding the wholes- 8o A 12.l Aisson comprising a working chami IOO coly body of a caisson, of ay shaft passing through the same, and reinforcing-rods embedded in the masonry alongside the shaft and extendinginto the masonry at a distance from the p shaft.

16. The combination with the concrete l' body A. of a caisson, of a vertical shaft passing through the same, serving as a 'jfassage to and from the working chamber, a fri horizontal rods l embedded m said conciiffte near its lower end adjacent to said shai t.

' 17. A shaft. mlapted to resist external pressur(` and which is substantially air-tight so as to prevent leakage of internal ain-pressure, sah shalt being collapsible from thev inside.

.18. A shaft adapted to resist external pressure and lwh ich is substantially air-tight so as to )rcvent leakage of internal air-pressure, said shaft having longitudinal joints which are breakable from the inside.

19. A shaft adapted to resist external pressure and which is substantially airtight so as IIO irs'

to (prevent leakage of internal air-pressure, signedour names in the presence of tWo subsai shafdt eomprlsfn1 plates adlpted tcp be seribing Witnesses. connecte to eac ot er at one o itu ina edge, and a key-adapted to/ be intell'lgosed be- 5 tween=tl1e other edges-of said plates and to-be Withdrawn inwardly in order to collapse the Witnesses: same v D. ANTHONY `UVSINA,

` In witness" whereof `We' have hereunto THEODORE T. SNELL.. 

